Summary: Damages of underwater cables in the Baltic Sea and the activity of the shadow fleet have made it clear that the safety of critical maritime infrastructure and ecological safety in the Baltic Sea have become a serious security threat. The response of the Alliance countries to these challenges and threats was the Baltic Sentry, the aim of this operation is to deter and counteract destabilization activities in the Baltic Sea. However, the Russians perceive the Baltic Sentry as an action against the freedom of Russian navigation and as a preparation for further aggressive actions against Russia. The Russian narrative highlights the aspect of introducing difficulties in the export of Russian crude oil and creating grounds for introducing arbitrary restrictions on international shipping, which is associated with significant reductions in Russian budget revenues. The article analyzes the possibilities of effective implementation of tasks by the Alliance countries and the effectiveness of organizing the system of convoying tankers in the Baltic Sea by the Baltic Fleet. Purpose and research methods: Publication contains possible responses of the NATO to the challenges and threats generated by Russia in the Baltic Sea. The article was developed using a critical analysis of different sources, synthesis and conclusions. Conclusions / recommendations: NATO and the Baltic states have adequate naval potential that can be designed to carry out tasks during the operation Baltic Sentry, but the key element for effective implementation of this operation is the political will of the Allied states. Russia's response to the actions undertaken by the Alliance has propaganda nature for internal use and to generate a sense of threat to the Baltic states.